9.3 Positive and Neutral Messages
You will find yourself creating many emails and letters in your career. Most will be positive or neutral in approach. Positive messages convey good news or work to establish good will, such as when announcing a new hire or confirming an agreement. Neutral messages are highly routine messages that carry little if any emotional content, such as when conveying updates to directives or procedures for processing manual account updates. These messages drive the day-to-day work of organizations, enabling new relationships to form, reinforcing existing ones, exchanging ideas and information, and responding to need and opportunity. Examples of these such messages include the following:
Positive messages examples: claim acceptances and adjustments, invitations, invitation confirmations, appreciation messages, good news announcements, recommendation letters
Neutral message examples: routine requests, directives or instructions (see the chapter on Instructions), policy or procedure updates, arrangement confirmations or follow ups, claims, general informational messages
LLMs can be enlisted to assist in the drafting of routine correspondence, but knowing what to ask them to do is key to obtaining useful output. This chapter introduces positive and neutral message types and strategies for making use of LLMs in co-creation.
Using the Direct Approach to Organize Ideas
How you organize information in your messages will be determined by the context and the receiver. As such, it is important to complete a thorough audience and context analysis so that you can adapt the content to achieve your communication goal. When you expect the reader to respond to your message with a positive or neutral attitude, you can organize your message using the direct approach.
The direct approach is created by placing the key idea in the opening paragraph, thus revealing to the reader almost immediately the purpose of the communication. As such, the message would be structured in the following way:
Positive and Neutral Message Structure
| OPENING
subject and key idea |
| BACKGROUND
general circumstances or context |
| DETAILS
explanation |
| CLOSE
courteous close (with action statement if necessary) |
Keep in mind that when the background information is so brief as it does not warrant a separate paragraph, you may include the background information in the opening paragraph.
This chapter will discuss a few positive and neutral message types that are frequently put to use in business contexts, highlighting key idea placement and message structure, along with a variety of formats: email, memo, and letter.
Sample Neutral Messages
Claims and Complaints
As the video, Bad Customer Service Montage (n.d.) suggests, business doesn’t always go smoothly. In all such cases, customers or clients are likely to make your company aware of what went wrong and what they want to be done about it. A claim explains what went wrong and requests compensation from the offending party; whereas, a complaint explains what went wrong and merely requests correction or apology. For example, if you placed an order for MS Office software and received Norton Antivirus software instead, you would have reason to make a claim for full reimbursement or an exchange of products. The message you send to rectify the situation would be considered a claim message. Minor complaints are best communicated in person, on the phone, or by email (if it’s important to have them in writing), so they can be dealt with quickly. More serious complaints or claims are delivered as formal letters to lay down a paper trail in case they need to be used as evidence in a lawsuit.
Though some believe that a strongly worded complaint or claim is an effective way of getting what they want, it is better to be polite and neutral or objective when communicating your problem. If you are nice about communicating your problem regarding a situation or business transaction, the customer service representative (CSR) or manager dealing with it is more likely to give you what you want. Just because some customers have found success in bullying people who are only trying to do their jobs, not all such attempts will likewise succeed, nor is it right from a moral standpoint, especially when the abused CSR had nothing to do with the issue.
Ineffective complaints or claims often merely vent frustrations, issue threats, don’t say what they want or only vaguely imply it, or demand completely unreasonable compensation. Such messages are usually aggressive (or passive-aggressive) in tone and therefore rude and offensive. The recipient may respond aggressively in turn, give the complainant much less than what they asked for (e.g., a mere apology rather than compensation or replacement), or ignore the complaint altogether. Often the reader of such messages is not the one at fault, so a hostile message would be especially ineffective and possibly even actionable in extreme cases—i.e., liable to cause damages that the recipient could pursue compensation for in court.
To contrast, effective complaints or claims are politely worded and motivated by a desire to right wrongs and save the business relationship. They’re best if they remind the business that you’ve been a loyal customer (if that’s true) and really want to keep coming back, but you need them to prove that they value your business after whatever setback prompted the complaint. If writers of such messages maintain equilibrium, they can end up getting more than they originally bargained for.
Knowledge Check
Claims used to be sent using a letter format; however, now claims are submitted by going to company websites and using the Contact Us form or chat tool to submit the message, or you can call the customer service line. If you have created a relationship with a supplier or other partner, however, you may submit your claim via email to your contact. Either way is just fine.
A claims message is a type of routine request that consists of these basic components:
1. An opening that offers some background information and clearly states the request or claim as your key idea
2. An explanation of the claim in which you describe the circumstances leading to the claim, including specifics
3. An action close that reiterates the request.
Watch the following video, Writing a Claim Letter to Customer Support (2014) for step-by-step instructions on writing a claim letter.
Now, see the example below for an illustration of this structure.
Email Claim
To: CustomerService@freewear.com
Cc:
Bcc:
From: Shasta Abenaki [sabenaki@solsticeoutfitters.com]
Subject: Urgent: Request for Redress Regarding Sustainability Practices at Freewear
Dear Glenda Plastofino,
I hope this message finds you well. Upon a recent purchase at your store, I noticed an apparent disconnect between Freewear’s sustainability policy and the materials used to create the textiles for clothing sold at your store. I’m requesting that Freeware meaningfully address the matter.
During my recent visit to your store, I noticed that the fabrics for the clothing purchased (joggers, tops, and sweats) included synthetic materials created with harmful plastic by-products. The production of these materials is not only environmentally harmful but also contrary to the values of sustainability that many of your customers, including myself, hold dear and expect from your retail business.
As a customer who shopped at Freewear after reading your sustainability policy, I am disappointed by this oversight and believe that immediate action is necessary if Freewear is to retain its loyal and environmentally-conscious customers. I am kindly requesting the following:
- Refund: A refund or store credit for my purchase as a gesture of goodwill and acknowledgment of the disconnect between Freewear’s stated policy and actual practices.
- Recommitment to Sustainability Practices: A public statement outlining Freewear’s actions to address the identified sustainability issues.
- Discounts: A commitment to offer discounts on future purchases as an incentive to retain customers who support and promote sustainable practices.
These measures will not only address my concerns but also demonstrate Freewear’s commitment to environmental responsibility and customer satisfaction.
I trust that you will take this matter seriously and look forward to your response. Thank you for your attention to this important matter.
Best regards,
Shasta Abenaki
123-456-7890
_____________________________________________________________
Co-created with Copilot, March 14, 2025 using the following prompts: “Draft a claims message in email format on the topic of a sustainability issue at a retail business.” “ok That’s a complaint message. Can you transform it into a claims message, whereby the writer is asking for some form of material redress.”
Figure 9.3.1 Sample email claim
Routine Request
Routine requests are frequently used to address any number of routine requirements that arise in the day-to-day operations of an organization. Requests can be as simple and brief as a request for a meeting with your manager or more developed such as a request for nominations for excellence awards (see Figure 9.3.2). Whatever the circumstance, the request must include enough information for the reader to understand the situation and follow through with what is needed. If the request does not include specific information, then the request may not be fulfilled in the manner that you would need it to be.
Like claims messages, routine requests can be organized using the direct method, as follows:
1. An opening that makes a clear request.
2. Background information that explains the context or situation.
3. An explanation of the subject matter so the reader understands what is required.
4. An action close that reiterates the request.
See the example below for an illustration of this structure.
Memorandum Request Example
Date: March 18, 20XX
To: Department Managers
From: Safiyya Dev, Store Manager
Subject: Customer Service Excellence Nominations
Help us identify great employees! Please submit your nominations for the quarterly Customer Service Excellence Award by April 8.
Do you have an employee who you feel fortunate to have in your department? Does this employee show a positive and professional attitude when helping customers? Do you get frequent comments about this person’s friendliness and helpfulness? Now you have an opportunity to give this employee the recognition they deserve.
According to the nomination criteria, nominees must:
- demonstrate excellent customer service consistent with Variety Craft Supplies’ policies;
- have worked at Variety Craft Supplies for at least six months;
- work 20 or more hours per week;
- not have received the Customer Service Excellent Award within the last year; and
- have a record clear or oral and written warnings for the last six months.
The winner of the award will receive a framed certificate and a $100 check.
A nominating form is attached. Please complete and return it to me by Monday, April 8. Thank you for your help in identifying and rewarding excellent customer service representatives.
Figure 9.3.2 Sample routine request in memo format (Cruthers, 2020).
Sample Positive Message
Positive messages are routinely used to build relationships, announce good news, express gratitude, and the like. As you can imagine, such messages can vary widely in terms of content depending on the type of organization and the situations that arise. Generally speaking, examples of positive messages include anything that transmits good news such as acceptances, confirmations, invitations, announcements, and gratitude among other types.
Positive messages can be organized using the direct method, as follows:
1. An opening that includes the key idea or an announcement.
2. Background information that explains the context or situation.
3. An explanation of the subject matter so the reader understands what is required.
4. A courteous close and/or an action statement.
Below in Figure 9.3.3 is a sample positive message.
Letter of Acceptance
Letter of Hire
Walmart Inc.
98-045 19th Avenue
Toronto, ON 1X1 X1X
September 2, 20XX
Melissa Reyna
123 School Road
Toronto, On 2X2 X2X
Hello Melissa Reyna,
Congratulations, Ms. Reyna! It is with great enthusiasm that we accept your application of Visual Merchandising Lead (VML) at Walmart Toronto. We are excited to have you on board to lead our Visual Merchandising team!
Your background in visual merchandising and knowledge of guest trends are exactly what we are looking for in our prospective Visual Merchandising leaders! We were all very impressed with your previous work experience in this field, and we cannot think of a better fit for this role than you! The drive and passion to help Creative Directors that you show excites us, and we cannot wait to see how you bring that to our team.
Prior to your start date, September 20, 20XX, please come by our store to complete your application acceptance and the company profile. (If you miss the deadline and fail to call, we will have to terminate your application.) Once you enter the Team Resource Center, you can speak with a member of our HR team. They will direct you from there. Do not forget to bring your official documents and two forms of identification with you. This includes your social insurance card, two valid forms of ID, and birth certificate.
I would like to congratulate you again on joining Walmart Inc. If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to call the store to speak with our HR team member at (111) 234-2345, or do not hesitate to personally contact me at (111)123-12345.
Best regards,
Natalia Sarabia
ETL Specialty Sales
Walmart Inc.
Figure 9.3.3 Sample good news message adapted from a letter created by student Natalia Sarabia (Chang, 2015).
Whether you’re writing thank-you notes, congratulatory messages, or expressions of sympathy, follow the “5 S” principles of effective goodwill messages illustrated in Figure 9.3.4.
Knowledge Check
Using LLMs to Revise and Co-Create Messages
LLMs are increasingly being used in workplaces to create routine positive and neutral messages. You can ask an LLM to help you revise a message draft you have created. You can also engage in a co-creative process with an LLM to draft a message. Co-creation involves the combined efforts of both the human and the genAI application in creating content for the message, followed extensive human revision of the output produced by the LLM. No message can be finalized without a careful review and revision of its contents to ensure that the message has the following characteristics:
- Accurate: Your reputation and that of the organization you are representing relies on accuracy in all its communications. Failing that, the organization can also suffer financial, legal, moral, and customer losses.
- Authentic: Revise the output extensively such that the message that results reflects more of your authentic voice and intent than that produced by the machine. Your co-workers, customers, and partners will appreciate a human approach more than a mechanized version.
- Complete: It is your task to ensure that all the necessary information is included in the message. Check the output and add what is needed to satisfy the needs of the moment.
- Specific to the Context: Copilot as other models often will produce very generic output. As you revise the output, it is your opportunity to add the specific context-related information that will make your message relevant to your reader.
- Unbiased: Training data contains bias, which may be reflected in the output. In addition, the prompt used may also contain bias which will affect the output as well. Check both your prompt and the output to ensure that it is bias-free.
Below is a suggested prompting strategy for revising a draft that you created:
Asking an LLM to Help Revise a Draft Message
Begin by either pasting your draft message into the context window or uploading the file that contains your draft message to the LLM then follow through with this prompt:
Prompt
Read this message, which has been created to [address, recognize, request, etc.] the [state the focus of the message]. My intended audience is [state the audience], and I want to achieve [state your purpose]. The message must be [state the preferred qualities], and it must have a friendly and professional tone. I want the message to be organized using the direct method, which includes an opening, background, details, and courteous close. Please suggest how I can improve the message and if I should add additional details to make it complete.
Below is a suggested prompting strategy for eliciting a positive or neutral message from an LLM:
Asking an LLM to Help You Draft a Positive or Neutral Message
Option 1: You can begin the process by asking the LLM what it needs to assist you.
Prompt
I am working in the [state your occupation or field of work]. I need to send a [state the type of message] to [state your audience]. I am trying achieve [state your purpose]. Please tell me what you need to know in order to help me draft the message.
Option 2
Use the following prompt elements to assist in creating a draft positive or neutral message. You would, of course, have to add details specific to the writing situation you are facing.
Prompt
You are a business professional working in the [state the field] and must address the issue of [state the issue] in an [email, memo]. The message will be sent to [state the intended audience]. The message must address the following matters [state the key topic areas] and must result in [state the desired outcome]. Help me to draft the [email, memo] message that is friendly and courteous in tone that uses the following correspondence structure:
- Opening with a key idea or purpose statement
- Background that describes the circumstances based on the information provided
- Details of the situation or subject with specific explanations
- Courteous close or action statement
Once you receive output, check it and continue interacting with the LLM until you have a draft that works for you. You will then have to revise it so that it is complete, accurate, unbiased and authentic. Do not hesitate to go back to the LLM with a revised prompt and continue the prompting until you have output that is purposeful and meaningful.
Routine positive and neutral message a frequently used by organizations to deliver information, make requests, sustain relationships and good will, obtain important information, and accomplish tasks. Using the four-part structure will help you create complete and organized messages efficiently. When using LLMs to assist, ensure that you take ownership and responsibility of the output used so as to ensure an authentic, unbiased, specific, and accurate messaging strategy.
References
Chang, C., ed. (2015). Letters. Business writing for success. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/cmchang/chapter/9-5-letters/
Cruthers, A. (2020). Writing memos. Business writing for everyone. https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/businesswriting/chapter/writing-memos/
LinkedIn Learning. (2014). Productivity tutorial: Writing a claim letter – lynda.com [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGOJLtrsxuE&list=RDCMUCikzJG7RbnNZhKLqqaXRM6A&start_radio=1&t=38&t=38
Williams, V. (2020). Complaints and persuasive messages. Fundamentals of business communication. OER. https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/businesswritingessentials/chapter/ch-8-persuading-your-reader/
tmuka. (n.d.). Bad customer service montage [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTbHwnxCGaI
